Well there is a database with around 17,000,000 IP combinations from 0.0.0.* to 255.255.255.*.
We get your location like this.
Your IP is 23.22.252.150, so we check the database ip_23 for b 22 and c 252 which contains the country id of 239, region id of 47, and city id of 1353.
That lets us know where in the database your location is. which is country United States, region Virginia and city Ashburn
Anyone with in 23.22.252.* has the same location as you, because the ISP buys all IPs in that range for your city.